Seasonal Bonsai Care Calendar
Month-by-month guide to bonsai care in Canada — what to do in every season.
Spring (March – May)
The most active season. Repot deciduous trees before buds open. Resume fertilizing as new growth appears. Begin structural pruning on deciduous species. Watch for late frosts — protect newly repotted trees. Start wiring new growth while it's still flexible.
Summer (June – August)
Peak growth period. Water daily (sometimes twice in heat waves). Fertilize every 2 weeks. Pinch back new growth to maintain shape. Protect trees from extreme afternoon sun. Watch for pests — spider mites and aphids are common in hot weather. Defoliate healthy deciduous trees in early June if you want a second flush of smaller leaves.
Fall (September – November)
Reduce fertilizing — switch to a low-nitrogen fertilizer to harden growth before winter. Enjoy fall color on maples and elms. Remove wire before it cuts into bark as branches thicken. Begin winter prep: clean pots, treat for pests, and plan winter storage for outdoor species.
Winter (December – February)
Outdoor hardy species need dormancy. Store in an unheated garage or cold frame (0-10°C). Water sparingly — soil should stay slightly moist but not wet. Indoor tropical bonsai continue as normal but may need supplemental lighting due to shorter days. This is planning season: study your trees and sketch future designs.
